LAS LENGUAS INGLESA Y ESPAÑOLA de Delfín Carbonell

To master English spelling is an impossible task. But spelling mistakes are not acceptable. So, something has to be done. Let me give you a few tips: • always picture words in your mind. See them in your mind. • write new words in longhand several times.• also type new words several times on your computer. • close your eyes and spell new words in your mind. • when reading, notice difficult words and how they are spelt. • whenever a spell checker points out you have made a mistake, take note. • practice, practice and practice… Learning English spelling is a lifelong task. • be careful with words that to the untrained Spanish ear sound similar: cap, cup; hum, ham; leave, live; phase, face; feel, fill. More, much more in:

  A pesar de. Son intercambiables:  Despite his problems, he came . In spite of his problems, he came .  Despite his illness, he went to work. In spite of his illness he went to work. Si sigue una clausula, tenemos que poner the fact that : He was not paid despite the fact that he had worked very hard. También trato de estas cosas en mi Gramática inglesa de Oberón/Anaya.

Un- es prefijo que implica la forma negativa, u opuesta, de nombres y verbos: unhappy , infeliz, unpleasant, desagradable, unscrew, desatornillar, unable, incapaz . Consideremos los siguientes ejemplos:                                   American                       Un-American               Answered                       Unanswered                Avoidable                  ...

OF (se pronuncia “ov”, no como "f") De. The leg of the chair, la pata de la mesa. The hair of the dog, el pelo del perro. Of good family, de buena familia. He died of old age, murió de vejez. A dress of silk, un vestido de seda. The city of Philadelphia, la ciudad de Filadelfia. The Queen of England, la reina de Inglaterra. One of them, uno de ellos. She is tired of working, está cansada de trabajar. It was terrible of him, fue terrible de su parte. OFF (se pronuncia “of”) Fuera de, alejado de, de. Off duty, fuera de servicio.  Off course, fuera del rumbo.  A day off, un día libre. Off también es apagado, como on es encendido: The TV set is off but the radio is on, la televisión está apagada pero la radio está encendida.

SELF- Prefijo que puede traducirse por auto: Self-taught, autodidacta. Self-appointed, autoproclamado. Self-adhesive, autoadhesivo. Self-criticism, autocrítica. Self-destroy, autodestruirse. Self-control, autodominio. Self-deception, autoengaño. Self-analysis, autoanálisis. Self-portrait, autorretrato. Self-operating, automático. Self-analysis, autoanálisis. No siempre podemos traducir por auto, como en self-contradictory, contradictorio. Self-denial, abnegación. Debemos seguir nuestra intuición lingüística siempre... y consultar diccionarios, que para eso están. 

  Diminutivos familiares de nombres propios como en castellano: Pepe de José, Paco, Pancho, Curro, de Francisco, Mayte de Maria Teresa, Rafa de Rafael, Moncho de Ramón, Lupe de Guadalupe Manolo de Manuel Quique de Enrique Lola de Dolores Nacho de Ignacio También en inglés son petnames, diminutives, short forms of names, nicknames, que se emplean mucho: Caroline -Carrie Richard-Dick Robert-Bob Dorothy-Dolly Lorraine-Lory Sarah-Sally Mary-Moll Ellen-Nell Margaret-Mag, Peg Peter-Pete Sandra-Sandy Edward-Ned, Ed, Ted, Teddy Ann-Nan Alfred-Fred Charles-Charlie, Chuck Harry-Hal Vincent-Vince Joseph-Joe James-Jim Patricia-Pat Theresa-Terry Delfin Del William-Bill Teddy Roosevelt... que dio nombre a los "Teddy bears", osos de peluche.

Estos nombres (sustantivos) diferentes a los verbos debemos memorizarlos:  Laugh , reír , laugh, laughter, risa Live , vivir , l ife , vida Long , largo , length , largura, longitud Please , complacer, pleasure , placer Poor , pobre , poverty , pobreza Proud , orgulloso, Pride , orgullo See , ver , sight , vista Short , corto, escaso, Shortage , escasez Strong , fuerte, strength , fuerza Think , pensar , thought , pensamiento Wide , ancho , width , anchura Young , joven ,  youth , juventud Hay mucho más en mi Gramática inglesa (Oberón), que se puede adquirir en Amazon, por ejemplo. Hay mucho más en mi gramática inglesa

Birth , nacimiento. Fecha de nacimiento puede ser "date of birth" o "birthdate". Sin embargo " birthday" es el aniversario del nacimiento, o cumpleaños (natalicio). Y podemos desear: " Happy birthday to you " o mejor: " Many happy returns of the day ", que es un deseo más amplio. Lugar de nacimiento: "place of birth" o "birthplace ." "By birth" de nacimiento: "He is a New Yorker by birth. He is a Spaniard by birth." "A musician by birth", sería un músico nato. Y como en castellano se dice: Es tonto de nacimiento, en inglés hay que expresarlo: " He’s a born fool". "A born musician." "To give birth to", dar a luz: she gave birth to a baby girl.

Todos hablan de la memoria y hasta escriben sobre ella. Hay quienes dice que no debemos aprender nada de memoria. Lo mejor es comprender las cosas. Y sin embargo esos mismos se saben de memoria el nombre de la calle donde viven, el nombre del padre de su novia, la fecha de nacimiento de su hijo... y por eso yo les digo que somos memoria. Y no sabemos cómo el cerebro retiene información, a la larga, a la corta, y cómo a veces nos falla... en los exámenes especialmente. No temamos aprender de memoria. En idiomas, la memoria es el pilar básico y único para aprender uno nuevo. Tenemos que aprender vocabulario de memoria: frases, sonidos, dichos, chistes, canciones... todo eso que forma la nueva lengua. Yo sugiero a mis alumnos que aprendan de memoria poesía en inglés y castellano. La capacidad posible de la memoria es desconocida. Posiblemente sea infinita. Y no nos pesa la cabeza más cuanto más aprendemos. Aprende idiomas aprendiendo de memoria. Recientemente Ana y Pablo me han s...

A "dropout" is a student who withdraws from a course of instruction before completing it. The word "dropout" has very negative connotations in English. A "High School dropout" is someone who never finished and left High School without a Diploma. A person like that is looked down upon by society as a slacker, a loafer, an idler, a good-for-nothing... a "dropout" in short. There are plenty of "language dropouts": those who start learning a language and somewhere along the road they give up, they surrender and capitulate. The effort is beyond their powers, both intellectual and physical. They finally admit that they are inferior to others, to those who have the strength of character to continue and master the second language as a matter of principle. Do not be a dropout!  Be bilingual!

Tendemos a confundir los términos "English" y "British". --"English" como adjetivo se refiere a los habitantes de Inglaterra. "English" como sustantivo se refiere también a la lengua hablada por los ingleses. "The English" significa los habitantes de Inglaterra en plural, distintos a los escoceses, galeses e irlandeses. --"British" se refiere a los habitantes de Gran Bretaña, Great Britain (Reino Unido o United Kingdom ). "British English" (inglés británico) se refiere a la modalidad del inglés hablada en ese reino. Un escocés es "British" pero no "English." Estos términos no son intercambiables. Tengámoslo en cuenta. 

The Internet, all of it, is plagued with self-appointed teachers of languages: some good, some bad, and some completely out of it. But we have no way of knowing who is going to lead us well and who is going to misguide us. I cannot judge, I can only say that simply being a native speaker is not enough. Today I have read in Instragram that the word "Spaniard" is "old fashioned." Not so. --"Spanish" is an adjective which refers to the people of Spain, to their country and language. As a noun it refers to the Spanish people collectively: "the Spanish came to America." It also refers to a language: "He speaks Spanish well." --"Spaniard" is a noun and refers to a native or inhabitant of Spain. It is the only noun to refer to a person born in the Kingdom of Spain. --Years ago Spanish-speaking people in the US referred to themselves as Spanish, whether they were from Bolivia, Honduras, Puerto Rico or Mexico. To make the d...

Aviators, airplane pilots, never speak of their experience in terms of years. They accumulate experience in terms of flyint hours, actual flying time: 3000 flying hours, 5000 flying hours. Our experience in a language should also be gauged in terms of exposure hours. But this is difficult, of course. However, time is of the outmost importance, especially in LISTENING , in acquiring sound experience; in giving our brain sound input in the new language. The more the better. Our brain must get hold of the new sounds, become familiar with them; frequency of input will ease the learning process and familiarity with the "foreign" sounds. May I suggest you listen to English or Spanish on a daily basis? YouTube is there to offer all kinds of accents and levels and subjects... Please listen to your language of choice 10 or 15 minutes a day, everyday! You will learn sounds, words, expressions... But listen actively. Do not allow your brain to roam listlessly... Listen!

I refer to Lýdia Machová, Steve Kaufmann, Gabriel Wyner, Robin McPherson ... as examples of "polyglots" who claim they speak 6, 7, 8, languages fluently and add a new one to the list every two years or so. Each one of them claims he/she has the right method to acquire a new language. First, the important thing to do is to keep away from "traditional" "boring" methods. They all advise students to learn vocabulary but not "memorize" vocabulary. All these international poliglots have something in common: they have no idea how the brain works. They are so immersed in learning languages they skip everything else, even reading, which they say is boring. I have always thought that a language was a tool to open a culture, a history, a way of life, a literature. To me a new language is a challenge to research all that is behind the language of a people. We learn French to do business, to make new friends, to get in touch with its literature, to di...

Those who bemoan their lack of language skills forget they have a secret ally in their struggle to master a language: their cell phone. --The cell phone gives us instant information on the meaning of words and how to pronounce them. Dictionary apps. Download one or two. And use them. -- Audio books. These apps. allow you to listen to your favorite works of literature in your target language. Check YouTube. -- You can have "penpals" from any place in the world. Check WhatsAp. -- Biographies can be read in the original tongue. Check Wikipedia. -- And you can also speak and converse with anybody in the world without spending a penny! Make an effort, and check WhatsAp. --- All the above can be used anywhere, anytime! So, don´t give me the song and dance, please!

Los hispanohablantes se arman un lío entre “cook” y “cooker”. Este error está tan arraigado que debemos poner las cosas claras: En inglés corriente y moliente, “ a cook ” es un cocinero. Así como suena. Y “ a cooker ” , es un aparato, como un pressure cooker , olla exprés, para cocinar. Los norteamericanos hacen sus guisotes en stoves y los ingleses sus comistrajas en cookers. A person who paints is a painter, a person who writes is a writer, a person who dances is a dancer … Pero a person who cooks is a cook. ¿Queda claro? "A cook is a person who cooks." "A cooker is an appliance for cooking, a pressure cooker."

A cookie is a baked small cake. But it has many different meanings, some even funny: A cookie is a person: a smart cookie, "un listillo." A pretty young woman: Mary is a cookie, "un bomboncito." Cookie is a term of affection, "chatita." (Un poco condescendiente ahora.) A cookie is a computer code to trace what you are looking at (We use cookies...) In the UK "biscuit" (bískit)  is prefered to "cookie", although the two might be different. Tough cookie, un tipo peligroso. Cookie jar, donde las guardamos."Be caught with your hand in the cookie jar" pillar a uno con las manos en la masa. Fortune cookie, galleta que nos dan en restaurantes chinos. That's the way the cookie crumbles, "así es la vida." And the best of the very best: Chocolate-chip cookies!