I had read on the Internet that English speakers confuse then with than. I found it difficult to believe mainly because the pronunciation of both words is different. Last night, however, I found palpable and visible proof of this in Bill Hayes's The Anatomist (2007, Kindle edition). I had read his Insomniac City (2018) mainly because it deals with his relationship with Oliver Sacks of whom I am a literary fan, and was, at that time, reading his On the Move. Lo and behold, I came upon this passage: "... I found something even more illuminating, though it is written so quietly it would be easy to miss: Offered own assistance. Carter than adds matter-of-factly, Gray will let do some." It sticks out like a sore thumb to the point that my spell checker has underlined than in red as I typed it. Mr. Hayes meant then, not than. So it is true that educated, well-read speakers of English make this silly mistake. What is worse, his literary agent, his editor, and his publisher have not noticed this blatant error. Horrors and procrastination, I said to myself! Live and learn.
domingo, 28 de julio de 2024
LEARNING NEW PHRASES IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH
It's my lucky day today. I have killed two birds with one stone and have added two phrases to my dictionary. I did not know that those people who spy on us behind the curtains of their windows are curtain twitchers. I knew of them but ignored they had a label. I then discovered that those who snoop behind "visillos" in Spain are viejas del visillo. Fancy that. Now I know that when walking down a lonely street and I feel two eyes on me, peeking behind a curtain, there's a curtain twitcher or viejo de los visillos spying. Then I will stop, look up, and give them the finger! (A tip of the hat to my daughter Laura Lynn for providing the information she gathered at a hen party in Madrid.)
jueves, 25 de julio de 2024
SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE JOURNALS AND JARGON
Today I was abulic and aimless and sat twiddling my thumbs when I heard I had a new e-mail in my inbox. It was from a Language Journal asking me whether I would consider reading an article and giving my thoughts about its possible publication. I opened the attachment to read:
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study ... axiological phraseological units from the point of view of linguoculturology in the context of intercultural communication.
That whetted my interest and I read:
The article presents a linguoculturological analysis of ... axiological phraseological units; the parameters of the description of axiological phraseological units are highlighted; the components of ... axiological phraseological units with value and anti-value meaning are revealed; the definition of the axiological vector of phraseologism is given.
I read further that:
Values and anti-values are represented by axiological phraseological units, the cultural background of which is manifested through the specifics of the culture and traditions of the people, through cultural memory contained in the semantics of the components of phraseological units, through which a holistic image is created.
I stopped at the Abstract and went no further. I declined to read the article and made no comments.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE Y EL ESPAÑOL CLARO Y CONCISO
Por razones de mi oficio, y que no vienen al caso, me he tenido que leer el Real Decreto 217/2022, de 29 de marzo, por el que se establece la ordenación y las enseñanzas mínimas de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria aparecido en el BOE (Boletín Oficial del Estado.) Me he desmoralizado y desanimado mucho tras la lectura. ¿Será posible que todos mis años de estudio de la lengua castellana me han servido de nada? ¿Ha evolucionado tanto el idioma que me ha sobrepasado sin darme yo cuenta? Entresaco un parrafito a modo de ejemplo:
"Competencia específica 2. 2.1 Comprender el sentido global, la estructura, la información más relevante en función de las necesidades comunicativas y la intención del emisor en textos orales y multimodales de cierta complejidad de diferentes ámbitos, analizando la interacción entre los diferentes códigos. 2.2 Valorar la forma y el contenido de textos orales y multimodales de cierta complejidad, evaluando su calidad, su fiabilidad y la idoneidad del canal utilizado, así como la eficacia de los procedimientos comunicativos empleados."
Los del Ministerio son finos estilistas emisores que se ciñen a las necesidades comunicativas más relevantes y con cierta complejidad multimodal empleando diferentes códigos, evaluando su fiabilidad, idoneidad y, especialmente, el canal utilizado para comprender el sentido global y la estructura. Lo mejor es su precisión, como en "de cierta complejidad." ¿Redactan en equipo? ¿Emplean IA? ¿Traducen de algún idioma exótico?
miércoles, 24 de julio de 2024
SEMANA INGLESA
Ayer, en Madrid, sentados en un banco de un pequeño parque, mi hija Laura y yo comparábamos su carga semanal lectiva en su colegio, y la mía en la universidad. Y como los temas vienen rodados, comentamos los horarios laborales de antaño y de hogaño. Mencioné el gran avance de la "semana inglesa", que sorprendió a Laura. Se trabajaba, como gran logro, seis días a la semana, de lunes a sábado. La "semana inglesa" permitía laborar los sábados por la mañana, no por la tarde, y los "productores" (como llamaba la dictadura a los trabajadores) libraban el sábado por la tarde. Esto es ya cosa del pasado, aunque creo que es bueno recordarlo.
"Gastón propuso, a los postres que, pues era sábado y hacía semana inglesa, dedicásemos la tarde a un paseo..." Rafael López de Haro, Yo he sido casada, 1930. Esp.
"La ley de ocho horas, la semana inglesa con la mitad del sábado de descanso..." Arsenio Torres, La carta magna del trabajo..., 1945. Arg.
"Cuando hacia 1870 comenzó a generalizarse en Gran Bretaña la supresión del trabajo durante las tardes del sábado (semana inglesa), algo que los trabajadores del continente conocerían muchas décadas después..." José Antonio Piqueras, El movimiento obrero, 1992. Esp.
martes, 23 de julio de 2024
VISITAS /VISITS
Los diccionario bilingües deben resolver problemas, no copiarse los unos a los otros. Cuando alguien nos hace una visita corta, de casi entrar y salir, por el motivo que sea, decimos en castellano que es "visita de médico" porque éstos suelen permanecer con el paciente lo justito. En inglés también se hacen visitas cortas, de compromiso, y decimos "whistle-stop visit." Creo que si rebuscamos y lo intentamos, siempre encontraremos fraseología paralela en otro idioma.
La visita de médico (de cumplido, cortesía) A whistle-stop
visit, brief (short) visit
¿Ya te vas? Me has hecho la visita de
médico Your are leaving? That was a whistle-stop visit
“La visita del médico apenas duró unos minutos.” Adelaida García Morales, La lógica del vampiro, 1990. Esp. || “Visita de médico. Visita muy breve.” MM.
Whistle-stop visit (whistle-stopping) La visita del
médico (de cumplido, cortesía)
You leaving? That was a
whistle-stop visit ¿Ya te vas? Me has hecho la visita del médico
“It was a short, whistle-stop visit.” EchoLive.Ie,
April 11, 2024. Ire.
lunes, 22 de julio de 2024
THE ELEMENTS OF STYLE in any language
I have been a fan of Trunk and White's The Elements of Style ever since my daughter Lorraine presented me with a copy in 2000. I keep it handy and I peruse it often. The wise recommendations in this short book can be applied to any language. "Writing good standard English is no cinch" we are told. Writing good standard Spanish is no cinch. Hastiness and laziness are the devils we must fight off. "... since writing is communication, clarity can only be a virtue." What is clear to the writer may not be clear to the reader. "Clarity, clarity, clarity" Strunk and White shout at us now, just as Thoreau wrote "Simplify, simplify" a hundred years before. This post is to remind you, and me, to reread and consult The Elements of Style often. It will stand us in good stead when we write English and Spanish.
domingo, 21 de julio de 2024
OUR PERSONAL VOCABULARY
In languages, we all have our private vocabulary. There are words we use all the time that we prefer to others. Active vocabulary is called in academic jargon. We understand many phrases and words but never use them. only when we read or hear them. Professional linguists refer to these as passive vocabulary. Example: I often hear now the term "dude" which my Random House dictionary defines as 1. A man excessively concerned with his clothes, grooming, and manners. 2. Slang: fellow, chap. It dates its origins as American, 1880-85. I have never used the word, and it is not in my active vocabulary. Why? I couldn't tell. I dislike the word and never heard it in my youth. Another example: "vale" as the Peninsular equivalent of ok is alien to my Spanish idiom. I have never used it and never will. I hear it gazillions in a given day. Very irritating. Why do I persevere in saying "supper" when everybody prefers "dinner"?
The concept of a private vocabulary is indeed fascinating. Each of us has a unique set of words and phrases we prefer, often shaped by personal experiences, cultural background, and social influences. This private vocabulary reflects our individual identities and can sometimes set us apart from others.
THE WHOLE NINE YARDS
The whole nine yards Y toda la pesca
My wife likes to travel with bags,
books, the dog, computer… the whole nine yards A mi mujer le
gusta viajar con maletas, libros, el perro, el ordenador…y toda la pesca
“The Whole Nine Yards of
Etymology everyone knows what the whole nine yards means: the works, everything, the whole enchilada.” Patricia T. O’Conner,
Origins of the Specious, 2009. US.
jueves, 18 de julio de 2024
BEATAS
A pesar de que somos países cristianos, o culturalmente cristianos, o quizá por eso, hay muchas expresiones en castellano sobre la religión. Hoy me he topado con un dicho en mi diccionario que me ha echo sonreír, especialmente la frase paralela en inglés:
De día beata, de noche gata During the day pious
Annie, during the night a bit of all right
Carla va a misa a todas horas, de día beata y
de noche gata Carla goes to church all the time, during the
day pious Annie, during the night a bit of all right
domingo, 14 de julio de 2024
ARTÍCULO DEFINIDO ESPAÑOL / PRONOMBRE POSESIVO INGLÉS
Hoy, domingo, en Butler, Pensilvania, han atentado contra la vida de Donald Trump. TVE ha dado la noticia y la presentadora, una profesional ducha en su profesión, que creo trabaja en televisión española desde antes de 1998, ha dicho: "Trump ha llevado su mano a su oreja", sin pestañear. Cabe la posibilidad de que estuviese leyendo esas palabras escritas por algún ignorante que las ha traducido del inglés. Debería haber dicho "Trump se ha llevado la mano a la oreja." Cada idioma tiene sus pautas y no debemos hacerles violencia para que sigan su curso evolutivo natural. En inglés diremos "my foot hurts" y en castellano exclamaremos: "Me duele el pie." Así de fácil. También diremos "my hair is gray" o "tengo el pelo gris." Es de cajón.
SPOTTING FLAWS IN BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES
Go to Collinsdictionary.com and search for "loop" where you will find the idiomatic expression "to knock someone for a loop" and the equivalent given in Spanish is "dejar a alguien pasmado." If we then go to "pasmado" we find that "dejar pasmado a alguien" is to astonish or amaze someone. No trace of "leave (knock) for a loop", its exact equivalent. This is the result of employing two different teams in composing bilingual workbooks. My Phraseological Dictionary, English-Spanish, matches both languages perfectly. My ms has a total of 800,000 words and 33,000 entries, along with 34,000 translated sample sentences.
Do not forget: "Throw (knock) for a loop" = Dejar a alguien de piedra (pasmado, alelado.)
sábado, 13 de julio de 2024
STOCK
A good stock of Un buen surtido de
I have a good stock of books
in my home Tengo un buen surtido de
libros en mi casa
“Bickleigh was known to have a good stock of wine and
beer.” Michael Jaecks, The Las Templar…, 2004. US.
Take stock of Hacer inventario
We must take stock of our
sales Debemos hacer inventario de nuestras ventas
“He’s taken stock of where he grew up,
evaluated what he learned, and moved elsewhere.” Martin
Melaver, Living above
the Store, 2009. US.
On the stocks En ciernes, en
preparación, entre manos
A new novel is on the
stocks Una nueva novela en
preparación
“Also on the stocks is
a bill to bring about tax relief for these businesses.” Oxford Dictionary,
2024. UK.
Out of stock Agotado
The new fountainpen is
out of stock La
nueva estologtéfica está agotada
Take (put)
stock in Dar
crédito a, fiarse de
It’s risky putting stock in what he says Es arriesgado dar crédito a lo que
dice
“I hope that the lawmaker
would really take stock of what we are saying.” AZCentral, (COCA), 2024. US.
Take stock of
the situation Hacer
composición de lugar (inventario, evaluar)
Take stock of the
situation before accepting the offer Haz composición de
lugar antes de aceptar la oferta
viernes, 12 de julio de 2024
NEVER SAY IN SPANISH "SOY UN ACTOR".
The Real Academia Española and in their Diccionario de dudas, warns speakers of Spanish about the usage of the definite article "un, una":
"Deben evitarse usos superfluos del artículo indefinido debidos al influjo del inglés, como su presencia ante atributos que denotan profesiones: ―¿A qué te dedicas? ―Soy un actor (del ingl. I'm an actor.)"
This wrong usage is proliferating thanks to Wikipedia and its awful translations. We read that "Dickens era un novelista", Emily Dickinson "era una poeta", and more, much more.
Please, try to avoid this solecism.
WHY PHRASEOLOGY?
Speakers use phrases rather than words and prefer a long idiomatic expression to a simple verb. This mystery puzzles linguists and probably has something to do with the recondite workings of cells in the brain. I have come to the conclusion that the idiomatic expression is the second most important invention of language: first the word, the concept; second, the grouping of those words to create meanings and add spark and vivacity to the way mankind elicits thought, bringing joy and cheerfulness to speech. Language (and phraseology) has been changing since the dawn of time through a process of evolution that has not stopped and will never end. Neuroscientists may someday discover the intricacies of the brain's and language's relationship. In the meantime, try to express in one word the meaning of step up to the plate, throw for a loop, be in the stocks, rise to the bait, be on the stocks, pay scot and lot... and let me know your ideas on the subject.
jueves, 11 de julio de 2024
LOOP
Be (keep) in the loop Estar (mantenerse) en la onda (pomada)
Mark is no longer in the loop Marco ya no
está en la onda
“I had spent the five
past months in Iraq inserting myself into every huddle and attending every bigrade-level
briefing, all with the goal of keeping myself in the loop.” Vivian H. Gambara et
al., Drowning in the Desert, 2008. US.
Throw for a loop Dejar de piedra, de una pieza
(pasmado)
When I was told I was fired, it threw
me for a loop Cuando me dijeron que estaba despedido me quedé de una
pieza
“… this driver bolt exposed to the
bottom of the desk threw me for a loop.” PCWorld, February 26, 2024. US.
miércoles, 10 de julio de 2024
SCALE
On a large (small) scale En (a) gran (pequeña) escala
They are going to do business on a large scale Van a hacer negocios a gran escala
“… when their behavior is channeled, on a large
scale, into…” Daylykos. (COCA), 2012. US.
Scales fall from one’s eyes Caérsele a uno
la venda (de los ojos)
When he gets married, scales will fall
from his eyes Cuando se case se le caerá la venda de los ojos
martes, 9 de julio de 2024
SUSTO - SCARE
Cuando el susto es morrocotudo y de campeonato, decimos en castellano "dar un susto al miedo." ¡Mucho susto es ese que hasta asusta al miedo! En inglés decimos "scare the devil" porque a satanás poco lo asusta.
Dar un susto al miedo Scare the devil
Víctor es tan feo que da un susto al
miedo Victor is so ugly he would scare the devil
“… y viejas-viejas de darle un susto
al miedo.” Fernando Quiñones, Las mil noches de Hortensia Romero, 1979. Esp.
lunes, 8 de julio de 2024
THE "WHAT" AND THE "HOW" OF DISCOURSE
Upon listening to a discourse, I tend to grasp both the meaning conveyed and how it is conveyed. I practice this in spoken discourse, which is less structured and coherent than writing. The way the speaker presents their ideas, the words, and the idioms used are important to me. I am more alert to idioms now than I was before I embarked on my phraseological research in English and Spanish. I often wonder why the speaker uses a particular idiom, and the answer usually is that they have no other way to express their idea or feelings. Count it for joy, one can't win for losing, made of different clay, when push comes to shove, are phrases that express ideas and feelings hard to deliver otherwise.
domingo, 7 de julio de 2024
DUDA EN ESPAÑOL / QUESTION IN ENGLISH
A ver qué les parece. Creo que los hispanohablantes tenemos dudas en clase o en una reunión. Levantamos la mano y decimos: "Tengo una duda sobre lo que ha dicho usted..." Y creo también que los anglohablantes tienen "questions." Así, en la reunión también levantan la mano pero dicen: "I have a question about what you said..."
¿Estoy en lo cierto? ¿Qué creen ustedes? Am I right? What do you think?
sábado, 6 de julio de 2024
SUDAR
Sudar como un cerdo (pollo, caballo) Sweat like a pig (buckets)
Sudaba como un cerdo He was
sweating like a pig
“… jadeaba, tenía ojeras y sudaba como
un caballo.” Mario Vargas Llosa, La tía Julia y el escribidor, 1977.
Perú.
Sudar la gota gorda Sweat blood (like a pig)
Sudamos la gota gorda para pintar la
casa We sweated blood painting the house
“Don Aldo sudó la gota gorda y no
supo cómo salir del atolladero...” Expreso, 26/6/1997. Perú.
Sudar tinta (china) Sweat blood
Esta
tarea me está haciendo sudar tinta This task is making me sweat blood
“… las mujeres me hicieron sudar tinta
y bilis…” Gilberto Chávez, El batallador, 1986. Méx.
Sudársela a uno Not give a damn, couldn’t care
less
Lo que David haga me la suda I don’t give a damn what
David may do
“Las campanadas y la muchedumbre apretada en la Puerta del
Sol me la sudan.” Fernando Aramburu, Los vencejos, 2021. Esp.
viernes, 5 de julio de 2024
ALEGRÍA
Dar saltos de alegría Leap (jump) for joy
Daba saltos de alegría en la boda
She leapt for joy at the wedding
“La situación no es precisamente para dar saltos de alegría.” El Mundo,
31/03/1996. Esp.
Estar loco de alegría Be beside
oneself with joy
Estaba loco de alegría He was beside himself with joy
“El pueblo se
volvió loco de alegría.” Manuel Leguineche, El camino más corto, 1995. Esp.
Ser la alegría de la huerta Be the soul of the party,
be bright-eyed and bushy-tailed
Susana no es precisamente la
alegría de la huerta Susan is not exactly the soul
of the party
“Es la
alegría de la huerta este Beenhakker.” ABC, 18/04/1989. Esp.
jueves, 4 de julio de 2024
HABAS
En todas partes cuecen habas (y en la mía a calderadas) Everywhere
birds sing (dogs bite, flowers bloom, rivers flow), the same everywhere
Siempre es
igual porque en todas partes cuecen habas It’s
always the same because everywhere dogs bite
“Pero
en todas partes cuecen habas.” Javier Pérez de Silva et al., La
televisión contada con sencillez, 2002. Esp. || “Ciertamente en todas
partes se cuecen habas, pero aquí el homicidio se ha desbordado hasta límites
que contradicen...” Tiempo, 16/4/1994. Colom.
Ser algo habas contadas A cinch, as good as done, take
it or dump it
Este proyecto son habas contadas This
project is as good as done / Sólo tienes tres
opciones. Son habas contadas You only have three options,
take it or dump it
“…aunque tampoco hay muchas opciones. Son habas contadas.” La
Vanguardia, 24/10/1994. Esp.
MYTHS ABOUT SPANISH
1. Spanish is easy to learn. Not true. Spanish verbs are a tough bone to chew, for instance.
lunes, 1 de julio de 2024
FLY